1成果简介
本文，哈尔滨工业大学李建军、吕海宝 教授团队在《Composites Science and Technology》期刊发表名为“In-situ constructing carbon nanotube/carbon fiber-based composite: synergistic effect, multifunctional performances and versatility”的论文，研究采用一种绿色、环保且低成本的方法，在碳纤维表面生长碳纳米管，从而制备出碳纳米管/碳纤维（CNTs/CF）复合材料。
研究了所制备复合材料的力学性能、热导率、微波吸收性能及抗烧蚀行为。CNTs/CF复合材料具有低密度（0.55 g/cm^3），能够承受自身重量2000倍的载荷并保持结构完整性。制备的复合材料不仅与铜相比具有增强的热传导性能，还展现出电磁波吸收能力和抗烧蚀性能。引入还原石墨烯氧化物（rGO）后，电磁波吸收性能显著提升，这证实了该反应体系中复合材料制备过程的“多功能性”。相应地，该复合材料的最大反射损耗可达-54.6 dB。在抗烧蚀性能方面，碳纳米管/碳纤维复合材料可在约1200 °C的高温下保持宏观形态不变。这些综合特性使碳纳米管/碳纤维复合材料成为航空航天、军事及其他行业中极具潜力的轻量化结构材料。
2图文导读
图1.CNTs/CF 复合材料的制备过程图示。
图2. (a)–(c) SEM images of the sample S1 with 56.8 % urea mass fraction; (d)–(f) SEM images of the sample S2 with 38.2 % urea mass fraction; (g)–(i) SEM images of the sample S3 with 23.6 % urea mass fraction.
图3. (a) The XPS survey of CNTs/CF composite (Sample S1); (b) The XPS spectra of C 1s; (c)The XPS spectra of O 1s; (d) The XPS spectra of N 1s; (e) The XPS spectra of Fe 2p; (f) The XPS spectra of Co 2p.
图4. (a) Raman spectrum of the sample S1 with 56.8 % urea mass fraction; (b) Raman spectrum of the sample S2 with 38.2 % urea mass fraction; (c) Raman spectrum of the sample S3 with 23.6 % urea mass fraction; (d) XRD spectrum of the sample S1; (e) XRD spectrum of the sample S2; (f) XRD spectrum of the sample S3.
图5. (a) Image of light weight of CNTs/CF composites (Sample S1); (b) The weight of CNTs/CF composite weight; (c) The weight of the load object; (d) Demonstration experiments of the compression on CNTs/CF composites; (e) Stress-strain curves of CNTs/CF composites.
图6. (a) The optical and infrared images of the heating process of CNTs/CF composite (Sample S1) and copper sheet with heating platform after 120 s and 240 s; (b) The infrared images of heating process of CNTs/CF composite and copper sheet when platform temperature is stable after 30 s, 60 s, and 90 s; (c) Temperature change diagram of composite and copper sheet; (d) Optical images of carbonization experiment of cotton balls on the copper (upper) and composite (bottom); (e) Schematic diagram of heat transfer of composite.
图7. (a) Real part of the dielectric permittivity of three samples; (b) Imaginary part of the dielectric permittivity of three samples; (c) The loss tangents of three samples; (d) The RL property of the three samples (the urea mass fraction from left to right are 56.8 %-S1, 38.2 %-S2, 23.6 %-S3) with a thickness of 2–5.5 mm as a function of frequency; (e) The effective bandwidths of three samples (he urea mass fraction from left to right are 56.8 %-S1, 38.2 %-S2, 23.6 %-S3) at different thicknesses.
图8. (a)–(c) The macroscopic morphology of the sample S1 with 56.8 % urea mass fraction before and after ablation; (d)–(f) SEM images of s the sample S1 after ablation; (g) The loss tangents of the sample S1 after ablation; (h) The Impedance matching of the sample S1 after ablation; (i) 3D RL plots of the sample S1 after ablation in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz.
3小结
在本研究中，我们成功制备了碳纳米管/碳纤维（CNTs/CF）复合材料，通过共生长碳纳米管和碳纤维实现。所得CNTs/CF复合材料具有低密度和优异的压缩抗压能力。与铜相比，其热导性能更优。此外，CNTs/CF复合材料还具备电磁波吸收能力和抗烧蚀性能。CNTs/CF复合材料可实现最大反射损耗为-31.30 dB。在二维r-GO薄膜的辅助下，CNTs/CF复合材料可达到最大反射损耗为-54.60 dB。基于碳纳米管的自我牺牲特性，CNTs/CF复合材料在丁烷火焰中燃烧时，其宏观形态未发生任何变化。即使经过烧蚀，样品仍保持电磁波吸收性能。因此，该方法被证明是一种制备高性能碳纳米管/碳纤维复合材料的有效策略，可用于高温航空航天领域。未来需进一步研究以提升其机械和热防护性能，以满足极端环境的要求。
文献：
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111284
来源：材料分析与应用